Cold and frost injuries : rewarming damages, biological, angiological, and clinical aspects

[by] Hans Killian ; in cooperation with T. Graf-Baumann

[目次]

  • Preface.- References.- Clinical Description of Local Cold Injuries.- Internal and External Circumstances Which Encourage Loss of Temperature.- Regional Causes.- General Causes.- References.- Terminology and Division Into Groups of Localised Cold Injuries.- Clinical Manifestations.- Chilblains.- Perniones.- Perniosis.- Erythrocyanosis.- Shelter Leg.- Frostbite, 1st-4th Degree.- Under Normal Climatic Conditions.- At High Altitude (The Effects of Dry Cold Accompanied by Hypoxia).- Deepseated Cold Injury (Loss of Temperature Due to Wet-type Cold Damage).- Comments on Deepseated Cold Injuries at Temperatures Around and Above 0 C and on Ultra Rapid Cooling.- References.- Historical and Statistical Data on Frostbite.- Classification of Cold Injuries.- Forms of Local Frostbite and Areas Likely to Be Affected.- Symptomatology of Localised Cold Injuries.- Phase I of Common Forms of Frostbite Classified According to Degrees.- Phase II: Rewarming and Thawing Out.- Phase III.- Phase IV: Phase of Recovery.- General.- First Degree Frostbite.- Second Degree Frostbite.- Third Degree Frostbite.- Fourth Degree Frostbite.- Deepseated Cold Injuries Without Marked, Externally Visible.- Frostbite Sequelae (Immersion Cold Injuries).- The Problem.- Symptomatology of Trench Foot, Flanders' Foot and Immersion Hand.- References.- Pathological Physiology and Pathology of Local Cold Damage.- Changes in the Area of the Skin Due to Cold.- References.- Damage to the Nerves Due to Exposure to Acute Cold.- Changes to the Muscles Caused by Cold.- References.- Changes in Bones and Joints.- References.- Vascular Changes.- Relationship Between Peripheral Reactions to Cold and Overall State of the Circulation.- Phases of Cold Reactions in the Vascular System.- Transient Dilatation as an Initial Reaction.- Vasoconstriction.- Irradiation and Consensual Reactions.- State of Primary Bluish Redness and the Stilting Phenomenon.- Bright Red Stage.- Waxy Paleness.- Evidence of an Arteriospasm from an Arteriograph and Other Test Methods.- Stage of Secondary Bluish-grey Discoloration.- Effects of Cold on Lymph Flow.- Electrolytic Changes.- Primary Acidotic Cold Oedema.- Formation of Secondary, Reactive Oedemas.- Manifest Findings Concerning the Vascular System After Cold Damage.- Special Remarks on Vasotrophy, Significance and Nature of the Intima.- Inflammatory Processes in the Vascular Wall.- Cold Endangiitis and Its Relationship to Endangiitis Obliterans.- References.- Eye Disorders Due to Cold.- Changes to the Lungs.- References.- Causes of Cold Necrosis.- Hypoxia and Rewarming Damage.- Necrosis Due to Direct Exposure to Cold.- Role of Catecholamines.- Occlusion of the Venous Pathway and Microcirculation.- The Marked Cold Oedema.- Electrolyte Disturbances.- References.- Complications of Cold Injuries.- Non-specific Complications.- Specific Complications.- Wound Diphtheria.- Tetanus.- Gas Gangrene, Gas Phlegmon, Malignant Gangrene.- References.- Prophylaxis and Treatment of Localised Cold Damage.- Prophylaxis of Localised Cold Damage.- General Information.- Prophylactic Thinning of the Blood by Infusion or Isovolaemic Haemodilation.- Treatment of Localised Cold Damage.- Treatment of Early Cases.- Cool Treatment and the Refrigeration Technique.- Physiological Method of Rewarming.- Slow Active Rewarming.- Rapid Rewarming.- Vasodilators and Spasmolysants.- Fever Treatment.- Reduction of Viscosity by Artificial Thinning of Blood.- Anticoagulants and Fibrinolytics.- Alcohol.- Vitamins.- Rutin and Calcium.- Early Treatment With Oxygen and CO2.- Cortin and ACTH.- Antihistamines.- Combating Pain and the Sedation of the Autonomous Nervous System.- Early Massage and Exercise.- Measures of Dealing With the Marked Oedema.- Blocking of the Sympathetic Nervous System.- General.- Neurovegetative Blocks.- Treatment of Manifest Cold Injuries According to Degrees.- Treatment of 1st and 2nd Degree Cold Injuries and Related Conditions and Additional Treatment With Circulatory and Vasodilating Preparations.- Treatment of 2nd and 3rd Degree Frostbite.- Hydro therapeutic Measures.- Vascular Training.- Ray Treatment (Diathermy, X-rays and Short Waves).- General Principles and Practice Concerning the Surgical Treatment of 3rd and 4th Degree Frost Damage.- Early Operations.- Treatment in One or Two Steps.- Special Nature of Frostbite Amputation.- Amputation in Cases of Wet-type Gangrene.- Comments on the Grafting of Ulcers and Stumps.- Special Information on the Region of the Hand and Fingers.- Special Findings Concerning 3rd and 4th Degree Cold Injuries in the Toe and Foot Area.- Remarks on the Follow-up Treatment and Orthopaedic Care of Local Cold Injuries.- References.- Index of Names.

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この本の情報

書名 Cold and frost injuries : rewarming damages, biological, angiological, and clinical aspects
著作者等 Graf-Baumann, Toni
Killian H.
Killian Hans
シリーズ名 Disaster medicine
出版元 Springer-Verlag
刊行年月 1981
ページ数 ix, 250 p.
大きさ 25 cm
ISBN 3540089918
0387089918
NCID BA2944109X
※クリックでCiNii Booksを表示
言語 英語
出版国 ドイツ
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